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The onset and rapid spread of the coronavirus has had an impact on numerous industrial and developing countries, in some cases paralysing them. The pigment market has also been affected by the pandemic. However, it is already showing signs of recovery.

新冠的出现和迅速传播对许多工业国家和发展中国家产生了影响，有些情况下甚至使它们陷入了瘫痪. 颜料市场虽然也受到了疫情的影响. 但它已经显示出复苏的迹象。

It is harder to provide a reliable overview of the pigment market for the past year than in the year previously. “The year 2020 was very varied. And the first six months is difficult to judge. The automotive industry was brought to its knees and the construction industry boomed, even exploded in some cases,” stresses Axel Schneider from C&G Pigment Europe. Several countries completely shut down. However, in Germany, the largest pigment consumer, development showed no signs of stopping.

提供一份可靠的去年颜料市场的总结,比去年提供前年的总结难度更大. “2020年变化很大。前六个月很难判断. 汽车行业陷入困境，建筑行业蓬勃发展，在某些情况下甚至出现了爆炸式增长。”C&G Pigment Europe的Axel Schneider强调到,一些国家的颜料行业完全停摆,而作为最大颜料消耗国的德国,消费市场的增长一点没有停止的迹象.

Dr Andreas Zett from the Grolman Group also confirms the varying market development: “After a sharp decline in the pigment demand in May and June, the market has gradually recovered and is once again at more or less the normal level. However, specific pigments are seeing stronger demand.”

Grolman集团的Andreas Zett博士也证实了市场发展的变幻性:“颜料需求在5月和6月急剧下降之后,市场已经逐渐恢复，并再次或多或少地恢复到了正常水平。然而，特定颜料的需求正在增强。”

According to Schneider, there was a problem in China during the first phase of the pandemic. As a result of the extended New Year holidays there were significant restrictions and production came under pressure. “It took some time for production to return to full capacity. This period lasted several weeks, with a dip until the end of March,” says Schneider, adding that there was then a wave that came from India.

Schneider说，在大新冠流行的第一阶段，中国的颜料行业遇到了问题. 由于新冠,春节假期延长，出现了严格的限制,生产压力重大.“过了一段时间后，生产才恢复到满负荷运转. 这一过程持续了几个星期，直到三月底前还有次减少，” Schneider说，接着印度又有了一波疫情。

In terms of the paints and coatings industry, it is difficult to determine reliable figures for this year and figures vary on the market size. Inorganic pigments dominate the coloured pigment market. Andreas Zett estimates the volume to be 1.75 million tonnes at a value of almost EUR 3.4 billion. Axel Schneider classifies the market to be slightly lower, although the figures are in a similar ballpark. In this case, iron oxide represents the largest group with a share of more than 85 %.

就油漆和涂料行业而言，很难得出今年的可靠数据，而且数据也因市场规模的不同而各不相同.无机颜料主导着有色颜料市场。 Andreas Zett估计用量为175万吨，价值接近34亿欧元. Axel Schneider认为市场需求量略微降低，尽管两年数据大致相同. 其中, 氧化铁需求量为最大，其份额超过85%。

“What we’re seeing at the moment are the exploding freight costs from China. From Shanghai to Hamburg the costs were EUR 700–1,100 for a 20-foot container. Now we’re looking at over EUR 4,000 and the trend continues to rise.” What influence this has on material flows remains to be seen. “It is obvious that companies will revert to local suppliers. But there aren’t an unlimited number in this field, there are four producers in Europe,” Schneider points out.

“我们目前看到的是来自中国的货运成本暴涨. 从上海到汉堡，20英尺集装箱的成本为700-1100欧元. 现在超过4000欧元，而且涨价还在继续.”这对物资流动的影响还有待观察. “很明显，企业将转向本地供应商. 但颜料行业本土供应商的数量有限，欧洲目前只有四家生产商。” Schneider指出.

The market for carbon blacks is about 50,000 tonnes for paints and coatings (total market: 1 to 1.5 million tonnes). An additional requirement of 100,000 tonnes is used to manufacture printing inks and toners. Depending on the application, prices being charged for carbon blacks are between EUR 1.5 and 30 per kg. “The carbon black market has a lot in common with other pigments, however the main markets are generally in the automotive series and repair coatings and in industrial coatings such as marine or coil coatings,” says Alessandro Vulcano from the Aditya Birla Group. According to Vulcano, automotive series coatings initially suffered from declines of up to 70 %. More than 60 % of the demand is met by three companies: Orion, Cabot, and Birla.

用于油漆和涂料行业的炭黑的市场约为5万吨, (总市场:100万至150万吨),另外需要10万吨用于制造印刷油墨和色料。根据应用不同，炭黑的价格在每公斤1.5欧元到30欧元之间. Aditya Birla集团的Alessandro Vulcano表示:“炭黑市场与其他颜料有很多共同之处，但主要市场通常是在汽车系列、修复涂料和工业涂料(如船用涂料或卷材涂料)方面。” 根据Vulcano的说法，汽车系列涂料用量最初下降高达70%. 而Orion、Cabot和Birla这三家公司能满足超过60%的需求。

The TiO2 pigment demand for paints and coatings is quantified by Reg Adams from Artikol as being approx. 3.35 million tonnes at a value of EUR 8.4 billion (total market: 6 million tonnes). The average price for TiO2 pigment in Europe over 2020 was approximately EUR 2.50 per kg.

Artikol的Reg Adams将油漆和涂料行业的二氧化钛颜料需求量化为大约335万吨，价值84亿欧元(总市场:600万吨)。 2020年，欧洲二氧化钛颜料的平均价格约为每公斤2.50欧元。

The outlook for 2021 remains very uncertain. “Assuming that the further spread of the coronavirus is successfully brought under control, particularly thanks to mass vaccination programmes, there should be a significant recovery of economic activity. This, in turn, should lead to a rise in the global demand for TiO2 compared with the previous year,” explains Adams.

2021年的前景仍然非常不确定.“假设新冠的进一步传播得到成功控制，特别是通过大规模疫苗接种计划得以控制新冠，经济活动应该会显著复苏。这反过来又会使得,和前一年相比,全球对TiO2的需求增加，”Adams解释道。

Beyond China, no TiO2 pigment manufacturer is planning significant capacity changes, upwards or downwards. Within China, at least eight major TiO2 pigment projects have been announced according to Adams for completion in 2022/23, six of which by potential new entrants to the sector.

除了中国以外，没有哪家二氧化钛颜料生产商计划大幅提高或降低产能。而在中国，至少有8个主要的二氧化钛颜料项目已经宣布在2022/23年完成，其中6个是潜在新人。

It remains to be seen whether there will be any further development in the pigment market. However, the prospects for this market remain positive for Andreas Zett: “We are expecting to see a marked catch-up effect during 2021. In spring, the infection numbers will drop and increasing numbers of people will be vaccinated. If we can return to a half-way normal everyday life, consumption will shoot up and will also then lead to increased demand for pigments.” This effect is currently being seen in China.

颜料市场是否会有进一步的发展还有待观察。然而，对Andreas Zett来说，该市场的前景依然乐观:“我们预计2021年将出现显著的追赶效应。在春季，感染人数将下降，越来越多的人将接种疫苗. 如果我们的日常生活能恢复到以前正常水平的一半，市场需求量就会激增，对颜料的需求也会增加.” 这种追赶效应目前正在中国显现。

The short-term drop in demand and future recovery is connected to the development of major end-user industries, market research company Markets and Markets strongly believes. The leading applications for high-performance and special effect pigments are plastics and coatings, while smaller market shares are represented by printing inks, cosmetics, and textiles. The effects of Covid-19 are not uniformly distributed across or within these sectors. For instance, architectural coatings have seen a good development in the first half of 2020 as consumers spent their time on home renovations during the lockdown while demand for automotive paints dropped globally by about 25 %.

市场研究公司Markets and Markets坚信，短期需求下降和未来的复苏与主要终端用户行业的发展有关. 高性能和特殊效果颜料的主要应用领域是塑料和涂料，而较小的市场份额则是印刷油墨、化妆品和织物. Covid-19对颜料市场的影响并不是一视同仁的.例如，建筑涂料在2020年上半年取得了良好的发展，这是因为在封锁期间，消费者把时间花在了家庭装修上，而全球汽车涂料的需求下降了约25%。

A more detailed version of this analysis of the pigment market can be found in European Coatings Journal 5/2021. The issue is available digitally at our online library 360°.