Wood coatings: only modest growth
木器涂料:仅适度增长
Richard Kennedy, PRA
Competing factors affect the architectural wood coatings market. What are the main drivers of growth and challenges?
竞争因素影响着建筑木器涂料市场.增长的主要动力和挑战是什么?
According to Irfab’s Architectural Wood Coatings Market Study, world market demand for architectural wood coatings was estimated to be more than 3.76 million tonne (3.2 billion litre) with a value of EUR 13.6 billion in 2018.
根据Irfab的建筑木器涂料市场研究,2018年世界建筑木器涂料市场需求估计超过376万吨(32亿升),价值136亿欧元.
The wood coatings market comprises three different wood coatings segments:
1) Trim paints and varnishes: Paints or varnishes for architectural trim, including interior and exterior doors and windows, and interior trim such as skirting boards, architraves, stair railings and bannisters.
2) Wood floor coatings: Varnishes that are applied on site to ready-installed interior wood and parquet floors; to new flooring that has not been pre-finished; and for the renovation of existing floors.
3) Exterior wood coatings: Coatings for exterior timber, including wood facades and cladding, garden fences, buildings and furniture.
木器涂料市场包括三个不同的木器涂料部分:
1)装饰涂料和清漆:用于建筑装饰的涂料或清漆,包括室内和室外门窗,以及室内装饰,如踢脚板、门框、楼梯栏杆和扶手.
2)木地板涂料:现场涂在已安装好的室内木地板和拼花地板上的清漆;用于未预先完成的新地板;以及现有楼层的翻新.
3)外墙木器涂料:用于外木器的涂料,包括木质外墙和包层、花园栅栏、建筑物和家具.
Trim paints-largest segment
木器涂料最大份额-装饰漆
By far the largest segment is the trim paints and varnishes segment, accounting for 67% of the global architectural wood coatings market. The two largest regional markets are the Americas and the Asia Pacific region with 41 % and 32 % shares respectively of the world’s demand for trim paints and varnishes. Waterborne products continue to gain market share, driven largely by VOC regulations and consumer demand for environmentally friendly products providing improved indoor air quality: the exception is the Middle East and Africa region, where higher solids coatings will likely be preferred to waterborne products in the future, in part because the high ambient temperatures in this region cause problems for the application of waterborne products.
到目前为止,木器涂料最大的份额,是装饰涂料和清漆部分,占全球建筑木器涂料市场的67%.美洲和亚太地区是两个最大的区域市场,分别占世界装饰涂料和清漆需求的41%和32%.
水性产品继续获得市场份额,主要是有VOC法规,消费者也有改善室内空气质量的环保产品的需求,当然,中东和非洲地区比较例外,在这里高固含涂料可能比水性产品受青睐,部分原因是该地区的高环境温度给水性产品的应用带来了问题.
The use of wood in residential and commercial properties faces increased competition from uPVC, composite and aluminium doors, windows and sidings, both in new property construction and in the replacement market, and growth in the use of wood for doors, windows and cladding is weak by comparison. For example, in a five-year period in the last decade, the number of wooden replacement windows fitted annually in the United States fell nearly 13 %, while vinyl replacement windows grew by 13 %. In the US new construction market, the number of vinyl windows fitted grew by a third over the same period, compared to only 6 % for wooden windows.
在住宅和商业物业中, 无论是在新的物业建设还是在翻新市场,木材都面临着来自uPVC、复合材料和铝门窗/护墙板的日益激烈的竞争.
相比之下,门窗和覆层使用木材的增长较弱.例如,在过去十年的前五年期间,美国每年安装的木制替换窗数量下降了近13%,而乙烯基替换窗增长了13%.在美国新建筑市场,乙烯基窗的安装数量同期增长了三分之一,而木窗的安装数量仅增长了6%.
Relatively low use of wood for exterior and flooring
室外及地板材料中相对较少的木材应用
The second largest segment is the exterior wood coatings segment with 25 % of the global architectural wood coatings market. Europe and the Americas account for 50 % and 39 % respectively of the global demand for exterior wood coatings. The size of the segment reflects the relatively low use of wood as a cladding material and the discretionary maintenance of garden fencing, furniture and decking. For example, in the United States, where there are many houses with clapboard or weatherboard sidings, many wooden facades and windows are being replaced by alternative lower maintenance and price competitive materials, particularly vinyl sidings and uPVC windows, when the wood sidings and windows are in need of maintenance. The wood floor coatings segment is the smallest of the three segments with about 7 % of the global architectural wood coatings market, with Europe accounting for 60 % of the global wood floor coatings market.
木器涂料的第二大应用领域是外部木结构涂料,占全球建筑木结构涂料市场的25%.欧洲和美洲分别占全球木器外部涂料需求的50%和39%.份额的大小反映了木材作为包层材料的相对较少使用率,以及花园围栏、家具和甲板的适当维护.
例如,在美国,许多房屋都有护墙板或挡风板护墙板,当木护墙板和窗户需要维护时,人们往往会选低维护程度和价格有竞争力的替代材料所取代,特别是乙烯基护墙板和uPVC窗户.
木地板涂料领域是三个领域中最小份额的,约占全球建筑木材涂料市场的7%,欧洲占全球木地板涂料市场的60%.
In today’s flooring market, there are basically three types of wood flooring, which compete alongside other forms of flooring, such as vinyl flooring and ceramic tiles, in residential and non-residential properties: solid or hardwood flooring, engineered wood flooring and laminate flooring (which is a wood-effect flooring product). All engineered wood and laminate flooring are factory finished, and only a proportion of all solid/hardwood flooring is supplied unfinished and coated on-site, which enables a degree of customisation in terms of stain and sheen that is attractive to the customer. Both prefinished flooring and that coated on-site will require maintenance and refurbishment to maintain its appearance; the frequency of maintenance will depend on the location of the flooring, and the amount and type of foot traffic. Laminate flooring consists of a compressed MDF or HDF fibreboard plank, to which a decorative paper printed with an image of wood, stone or tile is laminated. If the decorative paper becomes damaged, it is not possible to sand back the surface and recoat: so laminate flooring would need to be replaced.
在当今的地板市场上,基本上有三种类型的木地板:实木地板或硬木地板,工程木地板和强化地板(木材效果地板产品).它们和乙烯基地板和瓷砖,在住宅和非住宅物业中开展了竞争:
所有的工程木地板和强化地板都是工厂完成的,只有一部分实木地板/硬木地板是未完成的,需要现场涂覆,这使得在耐污渍和光泽方面有一定程度的选择权,这对客户来说是有吸引力的.
预制地板和现场涂层都需要维护和翻新,以保持其外观;维护的频率将取决于地板的位置,以及行人的数量和类型.
强化地板由压缩的MDF或HDF纤维板组成,上面印有被层压的带木材、石头或瓷砖图像的装饰纸.如果装饰纸损坏了,就不可能用砂纸将表面重新打磨,所以需要更换强化地板.
Key drivers in architectural wood coatings
建筑木器涂料的主要驱动因素
In common with the architectural coatings market in general, the key drivers for architectural wood coatings are new construction of residential and non-residential properties, and property refurbishment (which is in part supported by increasing disposable income in many regions of the world). The need for more construction of residential properties is supported by global population growth and increasing urbanisation. For decades, affordable housing has been a major concern in most countries, and can only really be solved by increasing the housing stock. The United Nations has estimated that the global population was 7.7 billion in 2019, and their medium-variant projection indicated that it could grow to 8.5 billion in 2030. In addition, the UN believes that about 55 % of the world population live in urban areas (in 2018) and this is predicted to rise to 68 % by 2050. These factors will lead to increased building construction and a higher proportion of multi-family dwellings.
相同于一般建筑涂料市场,建筑木器涂料的主要驱动力是住宅和非住宅物业的新建筑以及物业翻新(取决于可支配收入的增加).
全球人口增长和城市化进程不断加快,支持了更多住宅物业建设的需求.几十年来,经济适用房一直是大多数国家的主要问题,只有通过增加住房库存才能真正解决.
联合国估计,2019年全球人口为77亿,他们的中等变量预测表明,到2030年,全球人口可能会增长到85亿.此外,联合国认为,约55%的世界人口生活在城市地区(2018年),预计到2050年这一比例将上升到68%.这些因素将导致建筑建设增加和多户住宅的比例提高.
Trends in disposable income regionally and globally can be fickle. Over the last decade or so, pre-covid, the global middle-class population had increased, predominantly in developing economies, accompanied by middle-class disposable income that may be spent on improving their living environment. However, post-covid pressures on inflation from the reduced supply of various products, transportation issues and increased energy costs will likely lead to reduced disposable income for many.
地区和全球可支配收入的增加与否可能会变幻无常.在新冠疫情前的过去十年左右,全球中产阶级人口有所增加,主要是在发展中国家,同时中产阶级的可支配收入可能会用于改善他们的生活环境.
当然,新冠疫情后,各种产品供应减少、运输问题和能源成本上升带来的通胀压力,可能会导致许多人的可支配收入减少.
The fierce competition from alternative materials has led to relatively weak growth in the use of wood for doors, windows, bannisters and stair-rails, flooring and cladding, both in new construction and when it is time to maintain wood features: often the wood is replaced with an alternative material rather than recoated.
来自替代材料的激烈竞争导致门窗、扶手和楼梯、地板和包层使用木材的增长较低,无论是在新建筑中还是在需要保持木材特征的时候:木材通常被替代材料取代,而不是重新涂覆.
Concern about the the environment surges further growth
人们对环境的关注进一步推动了经济增长
However, another major factor supporting growth in the use of wood in construction is the increased concern about the environment, which is influencing construction techniques and the choice of building materials. Offsite construction techniques, prefabricated or modular construction, has a number of advantages and has seen growth in Europe, Japan, North America and parts of Africa in recent years. Wood is a sustainable building material that has a positive carbon balance, since it uses solar energy to grow, and stores carbon dioxide (one cubic metre of wood stores around one tonne of carbon dioxide). Compared to other building materials, the production of one tonne of sawn wood produces about 13 % of the greenhouse gas emissions as the same weight of concrete and less than 5 % of the same weight of steel. Wood also has better insulating properties than either concrete or steel.
然而, 对环境的日益关注还是促进了木材在建筑中使用增长,这正在影响建筑技术和建筑材料的选择.
预制或模块化施工等非现场施工技术具有许多优势,近年来在欧洲、日本、北美和非洲部分地区有所增长.
木材能利用太阳生长,并储存二氧化碳(一立方米木材储存大约一吨二氧化碳),所以与其他建筑材料相比是一种可持续的建筑材料,具有正的碳平衡,生产一吨锯木产生的温室气体排放量约为同等重量混凝土的13%,而不到同等重量钢材的5%.木材的绝缘性能也比混凝土或钢铁好.
If properly maintained, wood structures and products used in construction and the exterior environment have been a long-term form of carbon storage for decades, even centuries. In addition, wood is readily recyclable (to make new products), and at the end of its useful life it can be used as fuel. Although there are concerns about deforestation in some parts of the world, most timber used for construction is sourced from countries that have long-standing policies to re-grow more timber than is felled.
如果维护得当,在建筑和外部环境中使用的木结构和产品已经成为几十年,甚至几个世纪的长期碳储存形式.此外,木材很容易回收(用于制造新产品),在其使用寿命结束时,还可以用作燃料.
尽管世界上一些地区存在砍伐森林的担忧,但大多数用于建筑的木材都来自那些长期实行再生木材多于砍伐木材政策的国家.
In spite of the sustainability arguments for increased use of wood in construction, Irfab estimated a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for global architectural wood coatings of only 1.8 % out to 2025. However, recent raw material supply issues, energy price rises and rising inflation, exacerbated by the conflict in Ukraine, will undoubtedly affect the disposable income for many people around the world and, depending on how long these constraints persist, may make even this weak growth estimate seem optimistic.
尽管在建筑中增加木材的使用具有可持续性,但Irfab估计,到2025年,全球建筑木结构涂料的复合年增长率(CAGR)仅为1.8%.然而,最近的原材料供应问题、能源价格上涨和通胀上升,以及乌克兰冲突加剧的情况,无疑将影响全球许多人的可支配收入,而且,根据这些限制因素持续多久,可能会让这种疲弱的增长估计显得过于乐观.
图片来源:Michael Flippo - stock.adobe.com
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